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以下、出版予定です。
　
Does artificial selection on diapause incidence cause
correlational changes in other life-history traits?
Case study in a spider mite population
Katsura Ito
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 130: 266–274, 2009

Abstract
Theoretical studies suggest that the timing of entering hibernation by arthropods has large effects on
long-term fitness, incurring strong selection pressure on diapause attributes every year. On the other
hand, diapause attributes are often genetically correlated with other important life-history traits such
as fecundity or development time. To understand the evolutionary process of life cycle formation,
there is a need to investigate not only diapause attributes themselves but also their genetic association
with other life-history traits. The Kanzawa spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetrany-
chidae), is a small herbivore that lives on the undersurface of host plant leaves. This mite has been
investigated for the mode of inheritance of diapause attributes, but scarcely for genetic correlations
with other life-history traits. Here, I investigated whether diapause proneness, measured as the
proportion of diapausing females under short-day conditions, is genetically correlated with fecundity
or development time under long-day conditions using artificial selection experiments. Diapause
incidence responded to the selection for both increasing and decreasing directions, suggesting that
high genetic variance in diapause proneness is maintained in the study population. However, the
change in proportion of diapausing females during the selection period was not associated with
responses in fecundity or development time. These results suggest that diapause proneness and other
life-history traits have different genetic backgrounds, and thus diapause proneness may freely evolve
without being constrained by changes in other life-history traits.

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